Quantum Mechanics

Bohr's Theory


The electron is a particle that must be in orbital in the atom.

Quantum Theory

- The electron is like a cloud of negative energy or a wave.
- Orbitals are areas in 3D space where the electrons most probably are.
- The energy of the electron is in its vibration modes like notes on a guitar string.
- Photons are produced when high energy modes can change to lower energy modes.

S Orbitals

- Each orbital holds 2 electrons.

P Orbitals

- There are 3 suborbital
- Each contains 2 electrons
- Total of 6 electrons.

D Orbitals

- There are 5 suborbitals
- Each contains 2 electrons
- Total of 10 electrons

F Orbitals

- There are 7 suborbital
- Each contains 2 electrons
- Total of 14 electrons

To figure out what and how many electrons there are in one element while using this method we would have to look at this chart : http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/periodic_table_blocks_alone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/complete_electron_configuration_help.htm&usg=__bLyOjtz-Gs86FIFcYq257xkeOzw=&h=348&w=607&sz=60&hl=en&start=0&sig2=jrC7eVhaOYmzHVETriUkqA&zoom=1&tbnid=5igjc12lXF7FoM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=203&ei=62HGTN-eJIn4swPTvaWODQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dperiodic%2Btable%2Borbitals%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D842%26bih%3D935%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=219&oei=62HGTN-eJIn4swPTvaWODQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=111&ty=30

To see how many electrons and what type of electrons there are in a single element you would have to look at the chart.

For example, to find Magnesium(12) you would have to start off at Hydrogen which will start off as 1s^2.

To get 1s^2 you would have to look at the chart and see how many 1s are there, there are 2 so you would have to square it, and you keep on doing that until you stop until Magnesium.

So then your final answer would be, 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2

It stops at 3s^2 because that's where Magnesium is. But if it would stop at Sodium which is one before Magnesium. Your answer would be almost the same, but instead it would look like this, : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s

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